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Notes

Summary, questions, thoughts, connections

  • 版权页的信息显示,作者一开始出版了 Hebrew 版,后来才有英语版,又没有提到译者,那就应该是作者自己写的。实在是厉害。

2025-01-01 又捡起来看,大概从第二章农业革命开始。

  • 每一小节之后都让人沉思,作者算是现代的大师,有点福柯弗洛伊德的感觉。几十年后再回来看可能会被认为是我们这个时代的思想家。
  • 我更愿意说作者是思想家,因为这书里有很多思考,很多事实和数据是这种思考的原料而已。
  • 作者还反思了人们出门度假的习俗。我们家就有这习惯,而且最近刚出了远门。
  • 作者提到农业革命对人类的影响,每个人的生活水准实际上下降了,而整体带来了人口增长和一定的社会进步。最近我发现很多事物的发展都在走类似的趋势,所以也许这会成为一个规律?
    • 比如食物供给越来越充足,但是质量下降了
    • AI绘图和CGI技术提高了影视产业的生产力和产量,但是更多的是制造了垃圾作品,精品的量可能还减少了
    • Twitter 等平台降低了获取信息的门槛,但是并没有提高大家获取的信息的质量
  • 有一大章讲语言文字对人类文明的影响。比较出乎我意料的是 0-9 阿拉伯数字900AD 才 出现在印度更早就出现了)在欧洲出现,很新很新。有点类似出乎意料的是 邮政编码在全世界也都是1950年代之后才出现,似乎比电话号码还新。
  • 这种英文文本很好读,读起来很快,可能也确实事作者举得很多事例、论证事比较浅显的,还有就是有很多排比。
  • 作者对帝国的定义就是扩张性多文化的国家,并不一定要有皇帝,这其实在英文里是常识,因为 罗马的 Emperor 就不完全等于皇帝,更像最高独裁官的意思,主要不同是有没有世袭的意思在里面。
  • 作者总结说处在矛盾之中可能才是常态。自由和民主,公平和平等,传统和进步,阴和阳等等都是完全矛盾的理想目标。实践表面,在这阴阳两端中间的灰色地带可能是更平缓的,两端看着很美好,但是都是深渊,一旦跌入可能就像玩过山车。
  • 我在玩 skyrim 的时候就是选的帝国,作者给了我解释:以前的帝国主义者和现在的全球主义者是有很多相似点的。
  • 讲宗教(信仰体系)的一章非常清晰明了,感觉就像是把我这几十年获得的混乱的各种信息给去芜存菁,列出了大纲和历史脉络。这些知识又一个来自以色列的人总结出来,更令我佩服。这一段还让我联想到 Ursula 在 The Farthest Shore 里就探讨了很多善恶为什么会存在的问题,角色的一些思考也映射了宗教史和哲学史上人们争论了几千年的课题。
    • 作者提到一神教的逻辑导致其对其他宗教是无法共存的,就自然会不断扩张,不断努力消灭其他宗教。让我还挺佩服的是这些宗教至少还是讲逻辑的。作者没有考虑到其实逻辑可以不那么重要的,民众真的像羊群一样很容易带领他们去任何地方,都不需要太多理由。
  • 第13章回到了历史,毕竟这本书中文名叫 人类简史 嘛。作者讨论了几个历史基本问题
    1. 历史发展的轨迹是确定还是随机的
    2. 我们可以预测未来人类的走向吗
    3. 学习阅读研究历史是为了什么
  • 第14章开始讲科学,指出了科学和宗教的一个很大的区别,就是科学要挑战经典,要去探索未知。而宗教是不能跳出经典的框架的。可能这也可以对应到左和右。
  • 但是作者讨论和平的这一章我不太赞同。作者说我们进入了新的核威慑下的和平时代,和平可能会长期维持。这种论调我大国的邓前辈四十年前提出了。
    • 最近的俄乌战争似乎就打破了作者预测的长期和平?可能也没有。可能只要不是俄美全国动员的核战争,都包括在作者说的“相对和平“的范畴里。但我的感觉是这些局部冲突的烈度是越来越大的。
    • 至于未来是否就不会有大战,我也更悲观一些。核弹灭世的危险也不能阻止疯狂的人们。就像秦始皇统一中国的战争也几乎歼灭了赵国全部的年轻男性人口 (1/10总人口),相当于现在大国直接少掉一亿人,这和核弹的杀伤也差不多了。

Highlights / Quotes

5. History’s Biggest Fraud

Page 120 @ 04 January 2025 04:17:59 AM Women did so by nursing their children around the clock and until a late age


A similar scene appeared in Qing dynasty’s 末代皇帝

7. Memory Overload

Page 179 @ 13 January 2025 01:20:52 PM Free association and holistic thought have given way to compartmentalisation and bureaucracy.


obsidan to the rescue

Page 179 @ 13 January 2025 01:22:40 PM (Arabic numerals appeared in) ninth century AD


Late as hell

8. There is No Justice in History

Page 185 @ 14 January 2025 04:05:04 AM (In Chinese mythology, Noble formed from…) fine yellow soil, whereas commoners were formed from brown mud.


*I have never heard of it. But it is true that some version of books mentioned this (around AD200). *

Page 205 @ 15 January 2025 12:30:59 AM scholars usually distinguish between ‘sex’, which is a biological category, and ‘gender’, a cultural category

11. Imperial Visions

Page 266 @ 17 January 2025 02:08:38 AM his favourite film, Lawrence of Arabia, a British epic

12. The Law of Religion

Page 292 @ 18 January 2025 04:02:03 PM developed its own pantheon of saints, whose cults differed little from those of the polytheistic gods.


mentioned in book 14 in 罗马人的故事

Page 293 @ 18 January 2025 04:05:31 PM One well-known explanation is that this is God’s way of allowing for human free will.


Related to earthsea book 3 The Farthest Shore

Page 313 @ 18 January 2025 05:34:19 PM They increasingly argue that human behaviour is determined by hormones, genes and synapses, rather than by free will –


Human is not special

13. The Secret of Success

Page 321 @ 20 January 2025 04:58:22 PM We study history not to know the future but to widen our horizons, to understand that our present situation is neither natural nor inevitable, and that we consequently have many more possibilities before us than we imagine.

15. The Marriage of Science and Empire

Page 378 @ 25 January 2025 10:38:49 PM Royal Navy sent the ship HMS Beagle to map the coasts of South America, the Falklands Islands and the Galapagos Islands.

Page 380 @ 26 January 2025 01:48:01 AM ‘Don’t believe a single word these people are telling you. They have come to steal your lands.’


*In a popular joke, says an Indian American to people on the moon. *

Page 382 @ 26 January 2025 01:47:44 AM The first modern man was Amerigo Vespucci

Page 384 @ 26 January 2025 01:47:20 AM The Salviati World Map, 1525.

16. The Capitalist Creed

Page 413 @ 27 January 2025 01:28:47 PM Smith’s claim that the selfish human urge to increase private profits is the basis for collective wealth is one of the most revolutionary ideas


改革开放?

Page 436 @ 28 January 2025 03:34:47 AM Markets by themselves offer no protection against fraud, theft and violence.

Page 437 @ 28 January 2025 01:09:27 PM debt peonage

19. And They Lived Happily Ever After

Page 502 @ 09 February 2025 01:51:16 PM Truganini is no less important than Homer Simpson.

Page 506 @ 09 February 2025 01:56:34 PM Family and community seem to have more impact on our happiness than money and health.

Page 507 @ 09 February 2025 01:58:48 PM depends on the correlation between objective conditions and subjective expectations